You can think your probe as a NO switch , connect to pin9 and pin 10

By the way what kind of Probe you want to use?  Renishaw ? do you have real probe connecting drawing 

I Google for this link --connect Renishaw probe to Siemens 840D/ 810D

https://resources.renishaw.com/en/details/installation-guide-probe-systems-for-machine-tools-for-siemens-810d-840d-controls--109508

I attached 840D NCU cable distributor box (810D CCU has the same connect )

Yes and No

Yes --you can use NO switch --I used to test many times

No--No M code, for 840D you need search in manual "Measuring Cycles "--the action should like this--

you program measuring let's say X axis, during X moving you trigging "probe" X axis will automatically "Delete Distance To Go" --and going to next block.--Also there are PLC interface signals for Probe 1 and 2 for help you if you need additional functions

My answer is Not official , but coming from myself reading and practice--Hope that helps