Absolutely. As far as controlling that many motors you would need at least 3 CU320-2. Depending on the application, you might be able to use the built in position controller on the S120 and you could use a basic PLC. It would just require a little more work on you to program it using the SINA_POS blocks.

If you would like to do more advanced functions such as Absolute Electronic Gearing, you would need to go with a 1500T processor. You would need to consider other factors such as size and speed of the rest of the IO and other network devices. Use the selection tool to determine the proper loading based on what you are doing with the axes. Just to get an idea, a positioning axis requires 80 resources. A 1515T has 2400 resources, so enough for 30 Axes. A 1516 has 6400.

You definitely want to use the selection tool to make sure you have the correct processor selected however.

https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/automation/topic-areas/tia/tia-selection-tool.html