9/6/2022 7:33 AM | |
Joined: 9/23/2005 Last visit: 8/13/2024 Posts: 4660 Rating:
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It's just a convention. Time = 0 is when you start integration, not when the Big Bang happed.
e (error) = setpoint - process value
Yes.
It's not an integral which goes to 0, it's integrated function which does this.
Because you are looking at some math symbols which do not tell you how to calculate it numerically. |
Regards, |
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